IoT Security
Device security, protocols, vulnerabilities, and IoT-specific threats.
Overview
IoT security protects connected devices and networks.
IoT Security Challenges
| Challenge | Description |
|---|---|
| Resource constraints | Limited processing/memory |
| Heterogeneous | Diverse protocols/OS |
| Scale | Millions of devices |
| Physical access | Device tampering |
| Long lifecycle | Extended support needed |
IoT Architecture
Architecture Diagram
+-------------------------------------+
| Cloud |
| (Analytics, Management) |
+-------------------------------------+
| Gateway |
| (Protocol translation) |
+-------------------------------------+
| Edge |
| (Local processing) |
+-------------------------------------+
| Devices |
| (Sensors, actuators) |
+-------------------------------------+
IoT Protocols
| Protocol | Use Case | Security |
|---|---|---|
| MQTT | Messaging | TLS required |
| CoAP | REST | DTLS |
| Zigbee | Home automation | AES-128 |
| BLE | Short range | Pairing |
| LoRaWAN | Long range | AES-128 |
Device Security
# IoT device authentication
def authenticate_device(device_id, certificate):
# Verify certificate chain
if not verify_certificate(certificate):
return False
# Check device identity
if not verify_device_identity(device_id, certificate):
return False
# Validate permissions
if not check_device_permissions(device_id):
return False
return True
Vulnerabilities
| Vulnerability | Impact |
|---|---|
| Default credentials | Unauthorized access |
| Unencrypted comms | Data interception |
| Outdated firmware | Exploitation |
| Physical access | Device tampering |
| Weak authentication | Identity spoofing |
Security Measures
- Device authentication β Certificates, keys
- Encrypted communication β TLS/DTLS
- Secure boot β Integrity verification
- Regular updates β Patch management
- Network segmentation β Isolate devices
Practice
Implement secure MQTT communication for IoT devices.